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Clark (1917-1983) is well known for her groundbreaking "Doll Tests," conducted as part of her master's thesis at Howard University. Using black and white dolls, she asked children a series of questions to study the psychological effects of segregation on African American children. She was also the first Black woman to earn her Ph.D. in experimental psychology (Columbia University, 1943).
"If society says it is better to be White not only White people but Negroes come to believe it. And a child may try to escape the trap of inferiority by denying the fact of his own race."
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Howard University (B.A. Psychology, magna cum laude, 1938; M.S. Psychology, 1939)
Columbia University (Ph.D. Psychology)
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"The Development of Consciousness of Self and the Emergence of Racial Identification in Negro Preschool Children"
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